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Technical Standard for Geosynthetic Materials in Railway Engineering – Geogrids (Q/CR 549.4-2016)

Release date:

2017-10-12

With the rapid economic development, China has seen a gradual increase in the types, varieties, and quantities of geosynthetic materials products, while their applications—and the industries they serve—have expanded significantly. To promote standardization and regularization of geosynthetic products, unify technical requirements across the industry, and ensure the quality of both products and construction projects, relevant Chinese sectors have recently drafted or revised standards and specifications for geosynthetic materials and their application technologies.

I. Introduction

　　With the rapid development of the economy, China has seen a gradual increase in the types, varieties, and quantities of geosynthetic material products, while their applications—and the industries they serve—have expanded significantly. To promote standardization and regularization of geosynthetic products, unify technical requirements across the industry, and ensure the quality of both products and engineering projects, relevant Chinese sectors have recently drafted or revised standards and technical specifications for geosynthetic materials and their applications. To help colleagues stay informed about these key standards (and regulations) and keep up with the latest developments, the Secretariat of the China Geosynthetics Engineering Association has been systematically collecting, organizing, and interpreting the most pertinent standards and guidelines related to geosynthetics.

　　This issue introduces the China Railway Corporation standard—*Geosynthetics for Railway Engineering, Part 4: Geogrids* (Q/CR 549.4-2016), which was officially promulgated and came into effect on January 8, 2017.

II. Necessity of Preparation

　　With the rapid development of railway construction in our country, strict requirements have been put in place for the protection of railway subgrade slopes and for soil and water conservation—driven by concerns over safety and the critical importance of railway operations. Given the excellent soil-stabilizing performance of geogrids in subgrade slope applications, they have been widely adopted in subgrade projects, playing a positive role in enhancing greenery and improving soil and water retention along railway embankments.

　　Currently, national standards and other industry standards provide an unsystematic and outdated classification of geogrid types along with their technical specifications, failing to meet the engineering demands of the railway sector. This has led to confusion during design and construction processes, highlighting the need for a comprehensive review and timely updates.

　　Meanwhile, the application areas, usage volumes, and variety of geogrids in railway subgrade engineering are steadily increasing. However, the high standards required for railway subgrade projects place stringent demands on geogrid materials. Unfortunately, the current national standards and industry standards set by the Ministry of Transport fall short of meeting the specific needs of railway construction. To standardize the quality and application scope of geogrid products used in railway subgrades across China, as well as to promote the standardization, regularization, and serialization of railway geogrid products and unify related technical requirements, ensuring top-notch engineering quality, China Railway Corporation has initiated the development of the product standard titled "Geosynthetics for Railway Engineering — Part 4: Geogrids."

III. Main Content of the Standard

(1) Developed classification methods, naming conventions, product specifications, and application guidelines for geogrid products.

(2) Technical requirements for geogrid products used in railway engineering have been established, outlining clear specifications regarding appearance, raw materials, and performance indicators.

(3) A series of geogrid product testing methods has been proposed, covering parameters such as product appearance, mass per unit area, mesh size of plastic planar geogrids, thickness of plastic 3D geogrids, width, length, tensile yield strength, tensile strength, UV resistance retention rate, carbon black content, carbon black distribution in plastic planar geogrids, flame-retardant performance, and rebound resilience of plastic 3D geogrids. The principles, equipment, specimen requirements, test procedures, and calculation methods for the key tests are detailed in an appendix.

(4) Inspection rules for geogrid products have been established, covering aspects such as inspection classification, factory inspection, type testing, batch formation and sampling, and acceptance criteria.

(5) Specifies detailed requirements for the marking, packaging, transportation, and storage of geogrid products.

IV. Brief Introduction to Selected Standards

Here’s a brief introduction to selected sections of the standard; for more detailed information, please refer to the product standard itself.

(1) Defined the classification of geogrid products used in railway engineering

Geogrids can be classified, according to their product shape, into plastic planar geogrids (see Figure 1) and plastic three-dimensional geogrids (see Figures 2 and 3).

Railway Engineering

Figure 1: Shape of the Plastic Planar Geogrid

Railway Engineering

Figure 2: Shape of the 3D Plastic Geogrid (Undulating Bubble Pattern)

Railway Engineering

Figure 3: Shape of the Three-Dimensional Plastic Geogrid (Convex-Concave Core Design)

(II) Clarified the naming standards for geogrid products used in railway engineering

To standardize the naming of geogrid products used in railway engineering, this standard specifies the following naming format for geogrids: Product Type + Shape + Product Strength + Flame-Retardant Type (this item is omitted if the product is non-flame-retardant).

The naming format for geogrid products is shown in the figure below:

For example, GNE/2D/3.5-FR indicates: a flame-retardant plastic planar geogrid with a tensile yield strength of 3.5 kN/m; while GNE/3D/1.8 refers to: a plastic three-dimensional geogrid with a tensile strength of 1.8 kN/m.

(III) Defines the scope of application for geogrid products used in railway engineering.

(1) For surface greening and protective structures used in conjunction with plants on rock slopes, shotcrete-meshed slopes, masonry retaining walls, and similar applications, plastic planar geogrids are recommended.

(2) For stable soil slopes, it is advisable to use plastic three-dimensional geogrids or adopt other reinforcement methods.

The specific application categories for railway engineering geogrid products are shown in Table 1.

Railway Engineering

(IV) Specifies the technical specifications for geogrid products used in railway engineering.

This standard clearly defines the physical, mechanical, combustion, and durability specifications for various types of geogrid products. Taking plastic planar geogrids as an example, their specific performance indicators are shown in Table 2.

　　Physical performance indicators include: basis weight per unit area, mesh size, width, width tolerance, length, and length tolerance.

　　Mechanical performance indicators include: longitudinal and transverse tensile yield strength.

　　Combustion performance indicators include: the flame-retardant horizontal burning test rating for planar geogrids.

　　Durability indicators include: black planar geogrid carbon black content and distribution, as well as the UV resistance retention rate.

The previous one

Technical Standard for Geosynthetic Materials in Railway Engineering – Geomembranes (Q/CR 549.3-2016)

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